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<title>Polyetherimide</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyetherimide</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Polyethylenimine" title="Polyethylenimine">Polyethylenimine</a>, also known as PEI.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">

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<caption>Polyetherimide

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a>

<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">benzene-1,3-diamine; 5-[4-[2-[4-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione</div>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names

<div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">PEI, Ultem</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div>

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=61128-46-9">61128-46-9</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC%28C%29%28c1ccc%28Oc2ccc3c%28c2%29C%28%3DO%29OC3%3DO%29cc1%29c1ccc%28Oc2ccc3c%28c2%29C%28%3DO%29OC3%3DO%29cc1.Nc1cccc%28N%29c1">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div>

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<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>

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<td><a href="ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div>

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div>

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<td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID90976644">DTXSID90976644</a> </span></li></ul></div>

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<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties

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<td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div>

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<td><a href="Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a>

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<td>Variable

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<td>Appearance

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<td>Amber-to-transparent solid

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<td><a href="Density" title="Density">Density</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div>

<div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink nourlexpansion"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=399329937&page2=Polyetherimide">verify</a></span> (what is <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?)

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<div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;">Infobox references</div>

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</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Polyetherimide</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Density" title="Density">Density</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

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</style><span class="nobold">(<i>ρ</i>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1.27 g/cc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Hydroxyl_ion_absorption" title="Hydroxyl ion absorption">Water absorption</a>—over 24 hours</th><td class="infobox-data">0.25%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Mechanical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Ultimate_tensile_strength" title="Ultimate tensile strength">Tensile strength</a> <span class="nobold">(<i>σ</i><sub>t</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">115 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Strain_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strain (materials science)">Elongation</a> <span class="nobold">(<i>ε</i>)</span> <span class="nobold">at <a href="Structural_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural failure">break</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">60-80%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Izod_impact_strength_test" title="Izod impact strength test">Izod impact strength</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25-60 J/m</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Thermal properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Glass_transition_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass transition temperature">Glass transition temperature</a> <span class="nobold">(<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">215 C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Heat_deflection_temperature" title="Heat deflection temperature">Heat deflection temperature</a> at 0.46 MPa / 66 psi</th><td class="infobox-data">210 C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">Vicat softening point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220 C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Upper working temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">375 C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lower working temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">365 C</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 2px solid">Data via Sastri et al., 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Polyetherimide</b> (<b>PEI</b>; branded as <b>Ultem</b><sup id="cite_ref-curbell-ultem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbell-ultem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an amorphous, amber-to-transparent <a href="Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">thermoplastic</a> with characteristics similar to the related plastic <a href="PEEK" class="mw-redirect" title="PEEK">PEEK</a>. When comparing PEI to PEEK, the former is cheaper but has lower impact strength and a tighter temperature range.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>PEI plastics were first introduced into the market by General Electric (GE) in 1982 under the <a href="Trade_name" title="Trade name">trade name</a> Ultem resulting from the work of J.G. Wirth's research team in the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Due to its <a href="Adhesion" title="Adhesion">adhesive</a> properties and chemical stability it became a popular bed material for <a href="Fused_filament_fabrication" title="Fused filament fabrication">FFF</a> <a href="3D_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="3D printer">3D printers</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<p>The molecular formula of the PEI repeating unit is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">

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</style><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><sub class="template-chem2-sub">37</sub><a href="Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a><sub class="template-chem2-sub">24</sub><a href="Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a><sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub><a href="Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> and the <a href="Molecular_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular weight">molecular weight</a> is 592.61 g/mol.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains <a href="Phthalimide" title="Phthalimide">phthalimide</a> and <a href="Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">bisphenol A</a> sub-units.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Glass_transition_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass transition temperature">glass transition temperature</a> of PEI is 217 °C (422 °F). Its amorphous <a href="Density" title="Density">density</a> at 25 °C is 1.27 g/cm<sup>3</sup>(.046 lb/in³). It is prone to <a href="Environmental_stress_cracking" title="Environmental stress cracking">stress cracking</a> in <a href="Chlorinated_solvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorinated solvent">chlorinated solvents</a>. Polyetherimide is able to resist high temperatures while maintaining stable electrical properties over a wide range of frequencies. This high strength material offers excellent chemical resistance and ductile properties suitable for various applications, even those involving steam exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div>

<p>PEIs are manufactured by the imidization reaction of a flexible <a href="Organic_acid_anhydride" title="Organic acid anhydride">dianhydride</a> and <a href="M-Phenylenediamine" title="M-Phenylenediamine">m-Phenylenediamine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSastri2014" class="citation cs2">Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781455732012000082">"8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers"</a></span>, <i>Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition)</i>, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 183, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2">10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4557-3201-2</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-05</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-curbell-ultem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-curbell-ultem_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curbellplastics.com/materials/plastics/ultem/">"Ultem"</a>. Curbell Plastics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mcmaster.com/#ultem/=otzvqt">http://www.mcmaster.com/#ultem/=otzvqt</a> Referenced Oct 7, 2013</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/what-is-polyetherimide-pei-/">"What Is Polyetherimide (PEI)?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeltonPetersArisman2011" class="citation cs2">Melton, George H.; Peters, Edward N.; Arisman, Ruth K. (2011-01-01), Kutz, Myer (ed.), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781437735147100029">"2 - Engineering Thermoplastics"</a></span>, <i>Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook</i>, Plastics Design Library, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 15, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9">10.1016/b978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4377-3514-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-05</span></span>, <q><i>Polyetherimide (PEI) was formally announced by GE in 1982. This amorphous polymer with the Ultem trade name resulted from the research work of a team headed by J.G. Wirth in the early 1970s.</i></q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScott" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polymerprocessing.com/polymers/PEI.html">"polyetherimide information and properties"</a>. <i>www.polymerprocessing.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abtecinc.com/production/materials/">"Injection Molding Material Selection Guide"</a>. <i>www.abtecinc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSastri2014" class="citation cs2">Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781455732012000082">"8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers"</a></span>, <i>Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition)</i>, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 182, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2">10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4557-3201-2</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-05</span></span>, <q><i>Polyetherimides (PEIs) are manufactured by the reaction of a flexible anhydride and 1,3-diamino benzene. The anhydride is based on bisphenol A and has both ether and isopropylidene links. It is these two flexible links that provide the flexibility and melt processability to PEI compared to its wholly aromatic analogs.</i></q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeltonPetersArisman2011" class="citation cs2">Melton, George H.; Peters, Edward N.; Arisman, Ruth K. (2011-01-01), Kutz, Myer (ed.), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781437735147100029">"2 - Engineering Thermoplastics"</a></span>, <i>Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook</i>, Plastics Design Library, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 15, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9">10.1016/b978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4377-3514-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-05</span></span>, <q><i>The early laboratory process involved a costly and difficult synthesis. Further development resulted in a number of breakthroughs that led to a simplified, cost-effective production process. The final step of the process involves the imidization of a diacid anhydride with m-phenylene diamine</i></q></cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plastics171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Plastics171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Plastic" title="Plastic">Plastics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical <br>types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene">Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-linked_polyethylene" title="Cross-linked polyethylene">Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethylene-vinyl_acetate" title="Ethylene-vinyl acetate">Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Poly(methyl_methacrylate)" title="Poly(methyl methacrylate)">Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Poly(ethyl_methacrylate)" title="Poly(ethyl methacrylate)">Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyacrylic_acid" title="Polyacrylic acid">Polyacrylic acid (PAA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyamide" title="Polyamide">Polyamide (PA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polybutylene" title="Polybutylene">Polybutylene (PB)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polybutylene_terephthalate" title="Polybutylene terephthalate">Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polycarbonate" title="Polycarbonate">Polycarbonate (PC)</a></li>

<li><a href="PEEK" class="mw-redirect" title="PEEK">Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester (PEs)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene (PE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyethylene_terephthalate" title="Polyethylene terephthalate">Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyimide" title="Polyimide">Polyimide (PI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polylactic_acid" title="Polylactic acid">Polylactic acid (PLA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyoxymethylene" title="Polyoxymethylene">Polyoxymethylene (POM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyphenyl_ether" title="Polyphenyl ether">Polyphenyl ether (PPE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Poly(p-phenylene_oxide)" title="Poly(p-phenylene oxide)">Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene (PP)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">Polystyrene (PS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polysulfone" title="Polysulfone">Polysulfone (PES)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">Polyurethane (PU)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyvinylidene_chloride" title="Polyvinylidene chloride">Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Styrene_maleic_anhydride" title="Styrene maleic anhydride">Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Styrene-acrylonitrile_resin" title="Styrene-acrylonitrile resin">Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tritan_copolyester" title="Tritan copolyester">Tritan copolyester</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanical <br>types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">Thermosetting polymer</a></li>

<li><a href="Fibre-reinforced_plastic" title="Fibre-reinforced plastic">Fibre-reinforced plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymeric_foam" title="Polymeric foam">Polymeric foam</a></li>

<li><a href="High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">High-performance plastics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Plastic#Additives" title="Plastic">Polymer additive</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_colorant" title="Plastic colorant">Colorants</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasticizer" title="Plasticizer">Plasticizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymer_stabilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymer stabilizers">Polymer stabilizers</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_additives" title="Biodegradable additives">Biodegradable additives</a></li>

<li><a href="Filler_(materials)" title="Filler (materials)">Filler (materials)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plastics <br>processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_blowing_machine" title="Film blowing machine">Film blowing</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li>

<li><a href="Compression_molding" title="Compression molding">Compression molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendering_(textiles)" title="Calendering (textiles)">Calendering</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfer_molding" title="Transfer molding">Transfer molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamination" title="Lamination">Laminating</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiberglass_molding" title="Fiberglass molding">Fiberglass molding</a></li>

<li><a href="Pultrusion" title="Pultrusion">Pultrusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li>

<li><a href="Filament_winding" title="Filament winding">Filament winding</a></li>

<li><a href="Solvent_bonding" title="Solvent bonding">Solvent bonding</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotational_molding" title="Rotational molding">Rotational molding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics industry</a> segments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity plastics</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastics_in_the_construction_industry" title="Plastics in the construction industry">Construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineering plastics</a></li>

<li><a href="Geosynthetics" title="Geosynthetics">Geosynthetics</a></li>

<li><a href="High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">High-performance plastics</a></li>

<li><a href="Nurdle_(bead)" title="Nurdle (bead)">Nurdle</a></li>

<li>Category:Plastics applications</li>

<li><a href="Plasticulture" title="Plasticulture">Plasticulture</a> (Agriculture)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific goods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Monobloc_(chair)" title="Monobloc (chair)">Chairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Packaging film</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Bottles</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_cutlery" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic cutlery">Cutlery</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_shopping_bag" title="Plastic shopping bag">Shopping bags</a></li>

<li><a href="Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food containers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment <br>and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Health_issues_of_plastics_and_polyhalogenated_compounds_(PHCs)228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues_of_plastics_and_polyhalogenated_compounds_(PHCs)228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues of <a href="Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a> and <a href="Polyhalogenated_compound" title="Polyhalogenated compound">polyhalogenated compounds</a> (PHCs)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plasticizer" title="Plasticizer">Plasticizers</a>: <a href="Phthalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalate">Phthalates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous plasticizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Organophosphates</a></li>

<li><a href="Adipic_acid" title="Adipic acid">Adipates</a> (<a href="Bis(2-ethylhexyl)_adipate" title="Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate">DEHA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Monomer" title="Monomer">Monomers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a> (BPA, in <a href="Polycarbonate" title="Polycarbonate">Polycarbonates</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Vinyl_chloride" title="Vinyl chloride">Vinyl chloride</a> (in <a href="Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers" title="Polybrominated diphenyl ethers">PBDEs</a></li>

<li><a href="Organotin" class="mw-redirect" title="Organotin">Organotins</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Perfluorooctanoic_acid" title="Perfluorooctanoic acid">Perfluorooctanoic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plastic#Toxicity" title="Plastic">Health issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Teratogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratogen">Teratogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">Carcinogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Endocrine_disruptor" title="Endocrine disruptor">Endocrine disruptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a></li>

<li><a href="Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymer_fume_fever" title="Polymer fume fever">Polymer fume fever</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pollution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">Plastic pollution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rubber_pollution" title="Rubber pollution">Rubber pollution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch" title="Great Pacific Garbage Patch">Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a></li>

<li><a href="Persistent_organic_pollutant" title="Persistent organic pollutant">Persistent organic pollutant</a></li>

<li><a href="Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxins" title="Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins">Dioxins</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_environmental_health_hazards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of environmental health hazards">List of environmental health hazards</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1986_California_Proposition_65" title="1986 California Proposition 65">California Proposition 65</a></li>

<li><a href="Registration%2C_Evaluation%2C_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals" title="Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals">European REACH regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashinhou" title="Kashinhou">Japan Toxic Substances Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Toxic_Substances_Control_Act_of_1976" title="Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976">Toxic Substances Control Act</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waste</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">Plastic pollution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Garbage_patch" title="Garbage patch">Garbage patch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch" title="Great Pacific Garbage Patch">Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Persistent_organic_pollutant" title="Persistent organic pollutant">Persistent organic pollutant</a></li>

<li><a href="Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds" title="Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds">Dioxins</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_environmental_health_hazards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of environmental health hazards">List of environmental health hazards</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="Resin_identification_code" title="Resin identification code">Identification codes</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Polyetherimide&oldid=1291808404">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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